Inqubo yokulungiselela i-Metal powder

Ngokusetshenziswa okwandayo kwemikhiqizo ye-powder metallurgy, ubukhulu kanye nokuma kwezinhlayiya ze-metal powder kuya ngokuya kufunwa, futhi izakhiwo nobukhulu bezimpushana zensimbi kuncike kakhulu endleleni yokukhiqiza impushana kanye nokulungiswa kwayo. Inqubo, ngakho-ke ubuchwepheshe bokulungiselela be-powder bukhula njalo futhi busungula izinto ezintsha.

Okokuqala, indlela mechanical

Indlela yomshini iyindlela yokucubungula yokuhlephula insimbi ibe yimpushana yosayizi wezinhlayiyana ezifunwayo ngokusebenzisa amandla angaphandle asebenza ngomshini, futhi ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali ento ekulungiseni akuguquki kakhulu. Izindlela ezisetshenziswayo njengamanje i-atomization kanye ne-mechanical pulverization. Inzuzo yukuthi le nqubo ilula, isivuno sikhulu, futhi ama-ultrafine powders ezinsimbi eziphezulu zokuncibilika kwezinsimbi nama-alloys okunzima ukuzithola ngezindlela ezivamile zingalungiswa.

Indlela yokugaya ngomshini: Indlela yokugaya ngomshini akuyona nje indlela yokugaya ezimele, kodwa futhi ngokuvamile iyinqubo yokwenezela ebaluleke kakhulu kwezinye izindlela zokugaya. Insimbi eqinile ihlukaniswa ibe yimpushana ikakhulukazi ngokuchotshozwa, ukuchotshozwa nokugaya. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zemishini yokuchoboza:

Imishini echotshoziwe esetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukuchoboza: okokusebenza okuqinile okugxobayo njenge-crusher, umshini wokugaya kanye nomshini wokugaya imihlathi;

Imishini yokuchoboza kahle kakhulu esetshenziselwa ukuchoboza nokugaya: i-hammer mill, i-rod mill, i-ball mill, i-vibrating ball mill, i-agitating ball mill, njll.
Ukulungiswa kwe-metal powder ngokugaywa kwebhola lamandla aphezulu

Indlela yokugoqa ngomshini ifaneleka kakhulu ukugaya izinsimbi nama-alloys aqinile futhi kulula ukusebenza njengethayini, i-manganese, i-chromium, i-high carbon iron, ama-alloys ensimbi nokunye okunjalo. Indlela inokusebenza kahle okuphansi kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla aphezulu, futhi isetshenziswa njengesengezo kwezinye izindlela zokugaya noma ukuxuba izimpushana zezakhiwo ezahlukene.

Indlela ye-Atomization: Indlela yokuchoboza ngokuqondile insimbi ewuketshezi noma i-alloy ukuze uthole impushana ibizwa ngokuthi indlela ye-atomization, futhi iyindlela esetshenziswa kabanzi yokulungisa impuphu yensimbi eyesibili kuphela endleleni yokunciphisa esikalini sokukhiqiza. I-atomized powder inezinzuzo ze-sphericity ephezulu, usayizi wezinhlayiya ze-powder olawulekayo, okuqukethwe kwe-oxygen ephansi, izindleko eziphansi zokukhiqiza kanye nokuvumelana nezimo ekukhiqizeni izimpushana zensimbi ezihlukahlukene. Kube yisiqondiso esiyinhloko sokuthuthukiswa kokusebenza okuphezulu kanye nobuchwepheshe obukhethekile bokulungiselela i-alloy powder, kodwa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kuphansi. Isici se-ultra-fine powder aliphezulu, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kukhulu kakhulu, okukhawulela ukusetshenziswa kwendlela ye-atomization.

Okwesibili, i-chemistry yomzimba

Indlela ye-physico-chemical ibhekisela endleleni yokukhiqiza impushana ye-ultrafine ngokushintsha ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali noma isimo sokuhlanganisa impahla eluhlaza ngesikhathi sokulungiswa kwempushana. Ngokwezimiso ezahlukene zamakhemikhali, ingahlukaniswa ngendlela yokunciphisa, indlela ye-electrolysis, indlela ye-carbonyl kanye nendlela yokubuyisela amakhemikhali.

Indlela yokunciphisa: Ukunciphisa ama-oxide ensimbi nosawoti wensimbi ukuze kukhiqizwe impushana yensimbi kungenye yezindlela zokugaya ezisetshenziswa kakhulu. Ikakhulukazi, indlela yokunciphisa iyonga kakhulu uma usebenzisa ngokuqondile imfucumfucu yensimbi nensimbi yezimboni njengezikali zensimbi ezigoqiwe. Izinzuzo zendlela yokunciphisa ukusebenza okulula, ukulawula okulula kwemingcele yenqubo, ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza okuphezulu kanye nezindleko eziphansi, futhi kufanelekile ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni. Ububi ukuthi ifaneleka kuphela ezintweni zensimbi okulula ukusabela ngayo nge-hydrogen futhi ibe brittle futhi iphuke kalula ngemva kokumuncwa kwe-hydrogen.

Indlela ye-Electrolysis: I-Electrolysis yindlela lapho impushana yensimbi ifakwa khona ku-cathode ngokuncibilikisa isixazululo esinamanzi sikasawoti noma usawoti. Idlala indima ebalulekile ekukhiqizeni impushana. Isilinganiso sayo sokukhiqiza singesesibili kuphela endleleni yokunciphisa ezindleleni ezingokwenyama nezamakhemikhali, futhi singalawula usayizi wezinhlayiyana zokugaya. I-powder elungisiwe inokuhlanzeka okuphezulu futhi i-elemental powder ingafinyelela ngaphezu kwe-99.7%. Kodwa-ke, indlela ye-electrolysis idla ugesi omningi, futhi izindleko ziphakeme kunaleyo yempushana encishisiwe kanye nempushana ye-athomu. Ngakho-ke, ekukhiqizeni okuphelele kwe-powder, ingxenye ye-electrolytic powder incane kakhulu.

Indlela ye-Carbonyl: Njengoba i-carbonyl yensimbi ibola kalula ibe yinsimbi kanye negesi ye-CO ezingeni lokushisa eliphansi, i-metal carbonyl powder powder ingatholwa ngokusabela okuhlanekezela kwe-carbonyl yensimbi yokwenziwa. Indlela ye-carbonyl ingasetshenziswa hhayi kuphela ukuthola ama-powders angama-micron, kodwa futhi ukuthola ama-nano-sized powders; akukwazi nje ukulungiswa insimbi eyodwa ehlanzekile kanye ne-alloy powder, kodwa futhi i-powder eboshwe ingatholakala. Indawo ethuthukisiwe kakhulu ye-carbonyl powder ngokwayo ayinakuqhathaniswa nama-powders akhiqizwa ezinye izindlela futhi iyimpahla engcono kakhulu yamapuleti wamandla wamakhemikhali kanye nama-catalysts.

Indlela yokushintsha amakhemikhali: Ngokuvumelana nokusebenza kwensimbi, insimbi engasasebenzi kangako ithathelwa indawo yesixazululo sikasawoti wensimbi ngensimbi esebenza kakhulu, futhi insimbi (impushana yensimbi) etholwe ngokushintshwa iphinde icutshungulwe ngezinye izindlela. Indlela yokucwenga ibe yimpushana yensimbi ibizwa ngokuthi indlela yokubuyisela amakhemikhali. Indlela isetshenziswa kakhulu ekulungiseni izimpushana zensimbi ezingasebenzi njenge-Cu, Ag, ne-Au.

Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe, impushana yensimbi ibonise amathuba amahle okusebenza kwezensimbi, imboni yamakhemikhali, izinto zikagesi, izinto kazibuthe, izitsha zobumba ezinhle nezinzwa. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokulinganiselwa kwamasu okulungiselela wendabuko, ukusetshenziswa kwe-metal powder kuvinjelwe. Nakuba sekusetshenziswe izinqubo nezindlela ezintsha zokukhiqiza, izinkinga zesikali esincane nezindleko eziphakeme azikaxazululeki kahle. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto ze-powder zensimbi, kuyadingeka ukuqinisa emisha, ukufunda emandleni omunye nomunye, nokuthuthukisa izinqubo zokukhiqiza ngokukhipha okuphezulu kanye nezindleko eziphansi.