Uyini umehluko phakathi kwamalahle nama-briquette?

Ikhabhoni ecushiwe wuhlobo lwekhabhoni enezimbotshana eziningi. Inesakhiwo se-pore esicebile kakhulu nezici ezinhle ze-adsorption. I-adsorption yayo yenziwa ukumuncwa ngokomzimba namakhemikhali, futhi ukubukeka kwayo kunemibala. Ngaphezu kwekhabhoni eyinhloko, ukwakheka kwayo kuqukethe nenani elincane le-hydrogen, i-nitrogen, nomoya-mpilo. Ukwakheka kwayo kubukeka njengehexagon. Ngenxa yokwakheka okungajwayelekile kwe-hexagonal, kunqunywa ukuthi ingxenye enkulu yomzimba kanye nendawo ephezulu. Isici, igremu ngalinye lekhabhoni ecushiwe linendawo ethile elingana namamitha-skwele ayi-1000.

Ikhabhoni ecushiwe yenziwa ikakhulukazi ngezinto ezinokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni ephezulu, njengokhuni, amalahle, amathambo egobolondo lezithelo, nezinsalela ze-petroleum. Ngegobolondo likakhukhunathi njengento esetshenziswa kakhulu eluhlaza, ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo, ikhwalithi esebenzayo kanye nezici ezikhethekile zomsebenzi wegobolondo likakhukhunathi yizona ezihamba phambili, ngoba inendawo enkulu kakhulu ethize.

Ikhabhoni ecushiwe ingahlukaniswa ibe indlela yesitimu ebonakalayo kanye nendlela yamakhemikhali ngokuya kwendlela yokukhiqiza. Lapha, sizogxila ekukhiqizeni indlela ye-steam ebonakalayo. Ngokuvamile, ukukhiqiza kuhlukaniswe izinqubo ezimbili.

Esinyathelweni sokuqala, i-carbonization, izinto zokusetshenziswa zomisiwe ekushiseni kwe-170 kuya ku-600, kanti i-80% yezicubu eziphilayo i-carbonized ngenani elifanayo.

Isinyathelo sesibili ukwenza kusebenze. I-carbonized material efakwe ikhabhoni esinyathelweni sokuqala ifakwa esithandweni sokusabela ukuze isabele ngesicupha nesitimu ukuze kuqedelwe inqubo yokwenza kusebenze futhi kwenziwe umkhiqizo oqediwe. Enqubweni yokusabela kwe-endothermic, igesi ehlanganisiwe ye-CO ne-H2 ikhiqizwa ngokuyinhloko, esetshenziselwa ukushisisa izinto ezenziwe nge-carbonized ezingeni lokushisa elifanele (ama-800 kuya ku-1000 degrees), isuse zonke izinto zayo ezibolayo, futhi ikhiqize isakhiwo esicebile se-pore kanye nesikhulu esikhulu. indawo ethile engaphezulu. Ikhabhoni ecushiwe inamandla okukhangisa.

Ikhabhoni ecushiwe ekhiqizwe ngezinto ezisetshenziswayo ezihlukene inamadayamitha embotshana ahlukene. Phakathi kwazo, ububanzi bembotshana yegobolondo likakhukhunathi buncane kakhulu, ububanzi bembotshana yekhabhoni ecushiwe ngokuvamile bukhulu, kanti ububanzi bembotshana yekhabhoni ecushiwe esekwe emalahleni buphakathi kwakho kokubili.

Usayizi wembotshana wekhabhoni ecushiwe ngokuvamile uhlukaniswa izigaba ezintathu:

Umgodi omkhulu: 1000-1000000A

Umgodi wokuguqula: 20-1000A

I-Micropore: 20A

Ngokwalezi zici ezingenhla, kungabonakala ukuthi ezintweni ezihlukene ze-adsorption, ikhabhoni esebenzayo ehambisanayo idinga ukukhethwa ukuze kuzuzwe ukusebenza kwezindleko ezihamba phambili. Ngakho-ke, ku-adsorption yesigaba se-liquid, ikhabhoni ecushiwe enezimbotshana eziguqukayo eziningi kanye nezimbotshana ezimaphakathi ezinkulu kufanele zisetshenziswe.

Amalahle nama-briquette, nakuba kokubili kucushwe ikhabhoni, kokubili kunemiphumela emihle futhi afanele amasimu ahlukene ochwepheshe. Kodwa imisebenzi yabo ihlukile. Ake ngibethule ngezansi.

Amalahle angumkhiqizo wekhabhoni ocushiwe owenziwe ngezinsalela ezifana namagobolondo ama-sawdust namantongomane. Ama-briquette ayimikhiqizo yekhabhoni ecushiwe eyenziwe ngamalahle. Ngenxa yezinto zokusetshenziswa ezihlukene, kunomehluko enqubweni yokukhiqiza, izici zobuchwepheshe, nezici zomkhiqizo wekhabhoni ecushiwe yamapulangwe namabrikhethi, okuthinta izinkambu zohlelo ngokuqhathaniswa ngokuhlukile.

1. Emkhakheni we-adsorption yesigaba se-liquid

Amalahle aqukethe izinsimbi ezinzima kanye nomlotha, futhi ukuhlanzeka komkhiqizo kuphansi. Njengoba ama-pores akhiqizwa ngokuyinhloko ngezindlela ezingokwenyama, ama-pores ngokuyinhloko ama-micropores, afaneleka ukukhangisa kwama-molecule amancane futhi anobubanzi bokusebenza obuncane kakhulu. Isetshenziswa ngokujwayelekile emikhakheni yezimboni, efana ne-petrochemical, metallurgy, printing and dyeing, kanye ne-liquid phase adsorption ekuhlanzeni indle; amalahle anomlotha omncane, ukungcola okumbalwa, futhi kulula ukuwahlanza. Isakhiwo sayo sokusatshalaliswa kwezimbotshana kulula ukusilungisa, futhi ama-micropores nama-mesopores athuthukiswa futhi asetshenziswa kabanzi, ikakhulukazi emikhakheni edinga ukusebenza okuphezulu kwe-adsorption kanye nezidingo eziphakeme zokuphepha komkhiqizo, njengokudla nesiphuzo, umuthi, namalahle awanakushintshwa.

2. Emkhakheni we-gas phase adsorption

Amalahle anamandla amakhulu futhi kulula ukuwasebenzisa kabusha, futhi ngokuvamile asetshenziselwa ukukhangisa kwesigaba segesi; amalahle anamandla aphansi futhi awajwayele ukusetshenziselwa ukukhangiswa kwesigaba segesi. Kodwa-ke, ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe nokukhiqiza, ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe, ukusetshenziswa kwamalahle kuye kwanwetshwa nakwamanye amasimu asafufusayo okukhangisa ngesigaba segesi, njengokutholwa kukawoyela negesi, ukuhlanzwa komoya wasendlini, njll., kanye nentuthuko kwabantu. Naka kakhulu impilo kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo, futhi isikhala sabo sokufaka isicelo emkhakheni we-gas adsorption sizothuthukiswa ngokwengeziwe.

3. Ngokombono wezitayela zesikhathi eside

Phakathi nenqubo yokukhiqiza, izinsiza zamalahle aluhlaza azivuseleleki, izinsiza zekhabhoni ecushwe ngamalahle zinomkhawulo, futhi ukukhishwa kwe-carbon dioxide kuyakhuphuka. Ngakho-ke, amanani omkhiqizo aqhutshwa yizinto ezingavuthiwe nezindleko zokuvikela imvelo. Isizathu esiyinhloko samalahle ukuthi "izinsalela ezintathu" zemikhiqizo yamahlathi ziyakwazi ukuvuselelwa, futhi ngenxa yentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe, intengo kulindeleke ukuthi yehle ngokuqhathaniswa. Ngakho-ke, inzuzo yesikhathi eside yokuncintisana yekhabhoni eyenziwe ngokhuni iphezulu kunaleyo yamabriquette.

I-Wood activated carbon kanye nama-briquette ahlukile ezicini eziningi ezifana nenqubo yokukhiqiza, izici zobuchwepheshe, nezici zomkhiqizo. Ngokombono wezimboni, lezi zimbili zingezezimboni ezahlukene. Eyokuqala iyingxenye yemboni yamakhemikhali amahlathi kanti lena eyokugcina ingeyemboni yamakhemikhali amalahle. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngenxa yezinkambu ezihlukene zokusebenzisa ama-briquette namalahle, amakhasimende angaphansi kwamalahle nama-briquette nawo ahlukile. Abasebenzisi bekhabhoni ecushwe phansi ngokhuni bagxile kakhulu ekudleni, esiphuzweni, emithini nakweminye imikhakha, futhi amakhasimende abakhiqizi agxile kakhulu emakhemikhali, ukuphrinta nokudaya, ukuthuthwa kwendle nakweminye imikhakha yezimboni. Ukuncintisana phakathi kwabakhiqizi be-wood activated carbon kanye nama-briquettes.